IBS on one side

Overview

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that affects the large intestine. It causes abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits like diarrhea or constipation. Sometimes the pain is felt more on one side of the belly, but it is not a sign of a more serious disease.

Yes, IBS is very common. It affects about 1 in 10 people worldwide.

IBS can affect people of any age, but it is more common in younger adults and women.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Abdominal pain or cramping, often worse after eating
• Bloating and gas
• Diarrhea, constipation, or both
• Feeling that you haven't finished a bowel movement
• Mucus in the stool

Symptoms in children

• Children may have belly pain, bloating, and changes in how often they poop.
• They might feel embarrassed or miss school because of symptoms.

Symptoms in older adults

• Constipation is more common in older adults.
• Other health issues or medicines can make IBS symptoms worse.

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause is not known, but it involves how the bowel muscles work and how the brain and gut talk to each other.
• Possible triggers include stress, certain foods, and changes in gut bacteria.
• Some people have extra-sensitive nerves in their bowel.

Risk factors

• Having a family history of IBS
• High levels of stress or anxiety
• A previous severe gut infection
• Being a woman (more common)

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Severe belly pain
• Blood in your stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fever

Book a routine appointment if:

• You have had digestive symptoms like pain, bloating, or changes in bowel habits for a few weeks.
• Your symptoms are affecting your quality of life.

Diagnosis

There is no single test for IBS. A doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and do a physical exam. They may also run tests to rule out other conditions.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check for infections or signs of inflammation
• Stool tests to look for infections or blood
• Breath tests to check for lactose or other intolerances
• A colonoscopy (a camera exam of the bowel) if needed

What to expect at your appointment

Your doctor will likely ask about your bowel habits, pain location and timing, and any triggers. Be prepared to describe your symptoms honestly.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. It often involves a mix of diet changes, stress management, and sometimes medicine.

Self-care at home

• Keep a food and symptom diary to identify triggers
• Eat regular meals and avoid large, fatty meals
• Try a low-FODMAP diet under guidance of a dietitian
• Manage stress with relaxation techniques, exercise, or counselling
• Stay hydrated and get enough sleep

Medical treatments

Over-the-counter remedies like fibre supplements or gentle laxatives may help. A doctor might also prescribe medicines to control pain, reduce spasms, or balance gut bacteria. Some people benefit from low-dose antidepressants that affect how the gut feels pain. Always talk to your doctor before starting any medicine.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed for IBS. It might only be considered if another condition like a blockage or severe complication develops.

Living with this condition

Living with IBS means learning what triggers your symptoms and making small adjustments. Many people find that eating smaller meals, avoiding triggers, and managing stress makes a big difference.

Lifestyle tips

• Eat slowly and chew food well
• Avoid foods that cause gas, like beans or carbonated drinks
• Limit caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods if they bother you
• Try gentle activities like walking, yoga, or swimming

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains can help. If you have trouble, a dietitian can guide a low-FODMAP plan. Regular exercise, even 20–30 minutes a day, can reduce stress and improve bowel function.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

IBS can cause anxiety and worry. The condition is linked to the brain-gut connection, so stress and emotions can make symptoms worse. It's important to address mental health as part of your care.

Prevention

There is no sure way to prevent IBS, but a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management may lower the risk of flare-ups.

Complications

If left untreated

• Poor quality of life due to ongoing pain and discomfort
• Nutritional problems if you avoid too many foods
• Increased anxiety or depression

Long-term outlook

IBS is a long-term condition, but it does not cause permanent damage to your bowel or lead to cancer. With the right care, most people can manage their symptoms and lead a full, active life.

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