long lasting constipation

Overview

Long-lasting constipation is when you have trouble passing stools (poop) for several weeks or more. It means you have fewer than three bowel movements in a week, and your stools are hard, dry, or difficult to pass.

Yes, long-lasting constipation is common, especially as you get older.

It can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in women, older adults, and people who eat a low-fiber diet or do not get enough exercise.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Fewer than three bowel movements per week
• Hard or lumpy stools
• Straining when passing stools
• Feeling that you have not emptied your bowels completely
• Feeling blocked or a blockage in your rectum
• Needing to use your fingers to help pass stools

Symptoms in children

• Hard, dry stools
• Pain when pooping
• Belly pain and bloating
• Wetting the bed or soiling pants (because of backed-up stool)

Symptoms in older adults

• Same symptoms as for adults, plus confusion or fatigue from discomfort
• Loss of appetite
• Leakage of liquid stool (overflow incontinence)

Causes

Main causes

• Not eating enough fiber
• Not drinking enough water
• Lack of physical activity
• Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
• Certain medications (like painkillers, antidepressants, or iron supplements)
• Changes in routine (like travel)
• Underlying health conditions (like hypothyroidism, diabetes, or irritable bowel syndrome)
• Problems with the muscles or nerves in the bowel

Risk factors

• Being older (over 65)
• Being female
• Eating a low-fiber diet
• Not exercising
• Taking certain medications
• Having a mental health condition like depression or anxiety

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have severe belly pain
• Blood in your stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• A sudden change in your bowel habits lasting more than 3 weeks

Book a routine appointment if:

• If your constipation lasts more than 2 weeks
• If you are relying on laxatives often
• If you are in pain or discomfort
• If you have a family history of colon cancer

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any medications you take. They may also do a physical exam.

Tests that may be done

• A rectal exam to check for blockages or weakness
• Blood tests to rule out conditions like thyroid disease
• A colonoscopy (a camera test) if there are warning signs like bleeding
• Stool tests
• X-rays of the abdomen

What to expect at your appointment

Your doctor will work with you to find the cause and recommend a treatment plan. Most people do not need many tests.

Treatment

Treatment for long-lasting constipation focuses on making stool softer and easier to pass, and addressing any underlying causes. For most people, lifestyle changes are the first step.

Self-care at home

• Increase fiber in your diet gradually (aim for 25-30 grams per day)
• Drink plenty of water (6-8 glasses a day)
• Stay physically active – even a daily walk helps
• Set a regular time each day to use the toilet
• Don't ignore the urge to have a bowel movement
• Try natural laxatives like prunes or prune juice

Medical treatments

If self-care is not enough, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription treatments. These include bulk-forming laxatives (like psyllium), stool softeners, or stimulant laxatives. Always follow your doctor's advice on the type and duration. Some people may benefit from medication that helps the bowel contract more effectively.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed for constipation. It may be considered if there is a physical blockage, a tear in the anal lining, or a problem with the anal sphincter muscles that does not improve with other treatments.

Living with this condition

Living with long-lasting constipation can be frustrating, but with small daily changes you can feel better. Keep a regular toileting routine and listen to your body.

Lifestyle tips

• Eat meals at regular times
• Avoid rushing when you go to the toilet
• Manage stress with relaxation techniques
• Keep a symptom diary to track what helps

Diet and exercise

A high-fiber diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes is helpful. Drink enough water to keep fiber moving through your system. Aim for 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Constipation can be uncomfortable and affect your mood. It may cause embarrassment or anxiety. It's important to talk to your doctor about these feelings. Managing constipation can improve your quality of life.

Prevention

Many cases of constipation can be prevented by eating a healthy diet, staying active, and drinking plenty of water. If you are prone to constipation, these habits may help.

Complications

If left untreated

• Hemorrhoids (swollen veins in the rectum)
• Anal fissures (small tears in the skin around the anus)
• Fecal impaction (hard stool stuck in the rectum)
• Rectal prolapse (part of the rectum comes out of the anus)
• Chronic discomfort and pain

Long-term outlook

With proper care, most people with long-lasting constipation can find relief. Treatment is usually safe and effective. It may take some time to find the right approach, but your doctor can help guide you.

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