long lasting hemorrhoids

Overview

Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum or anus. When they last for a long time or keep coming back, they are called long-lasting or chronic hemorrhoids. They can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding.

Yes, hemorrhoids affect many people at some point in life. Long-lasting hemorrhoids are less common but still frequently seen in medical practice.

People of all ages can get hemorrhoids, but they become more common with age. Pregnant women, people who sit for long periods, and those with chronic constipation are at higher risk.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Itching or irritation around the anus
• Discomfort or pain, especially during bowel movements
• Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool
• Swelling or a lump near the anus
• Leakage of stool or mucus

Symptoms in children

• Hemorrhoids in children are rare but can occur. Symptoms are similar to adults, often caused by constipation or straining.

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults may have more pronounced symptoms due to weaker tissues. Bleeding should always be evaluated promptly.

Causes

Main causes

• Straining during bowel movements
• Sitting on the toilet for long periods
• Chronic constipation or diarrhea
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Low-fiber diet

Risk factors

• Age (more common after 50)
• Family history of hemorrhoids
• Pregnancy and childbirth
• Heavy lifting or frequent straining
• Prolonged sitting (e.g., desk jobs)

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Bleeding that is heavy or persistent
• Severe pain that does not improve with home care
• Symptoms that interfere with daily activities

Book a routine appointment if:

• Mild symptoms that last more than a week
• Any bleeding from the rectum (should be checked to rule out other causes)
• Concern about changes in bowel habits

Diagnosis

A doctor will ask about your symptoms and perform a physical exam. This often includes a visual check of the area and a gentle digital rectal exam (using a gloved finger) to feel for swollen blood vessels.

Tests that may be done

• Anoscopy – a small tube with a light to look inside the anus
• Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy – to examine the rectum and lower bowel, especially if there is bleeding

What to expect at your appointment

The exam is usually quick and may cause mild discomfort but not pain. Let your doctor know if you feel any pain. The results help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent future episodes. Many cases improve with simple self-care measures and lifestyle changes.

Self-care at home

• Increase fiber in your diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
• Drink plenty of water to avoid constipation
• Avoid straining during bowel movements
• Take warm baths (sitz baths) for 10–15 minutes several times a day
• Apply cold packs to the area to reduce swelling
• Use over-the-counter creams or pads that contain witch hazel or gentle soothing agents (check with your pharmacist)

Medical treatments

If self-care does not help, a doctor may recommend in-office procedures. These include rubber band ligation (placing a small band around the hemorrhoid to cut off blood flow), sclerotherapy (injecting a solution to shrink the hemorrhoid), or infrared coagulation (using heat to shrink it). These treatments are usually well tolerated with little recovery time.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery (hemorrhoidectomy) may be considered for severe or chronic hemorrhoids that do not respond to other treatments. Your doctor will discuss the risks and benefits if surgery is needed.

Living with this condition

Most people manage long-lasting hemorrhoids with a combination of healthy habits and simple home treatments. It is important to avoid constipation and to practice good bathroom habits.

Lifestyle tips

• Eat a high-fiber diet daily
• Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day
• Exercise regularly to keep bowels moving
• Avoid sitting for long periods; take short walks
• Don't ignore the urge to have a bowel movement

Diet and exercise

A diet rich in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps keep stools soft. Regular exercise, like brisk walking, helps prevent constipation and reduces pressure on rectal veins.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with chronic hemorrhoids can be frustrating or embarrassing. It is normal to feel this way. Remember that this is a common medical condition, and help is available. Talking to your doctor can ease anxiety.

Prevention

You can reduce your risk by maintaining a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of water, avoiding straining on the toilet, and staying at a healthy weight. Regular exercise also helps prevent constipation.

Complications

If left untreated

• Thrombosis (a blood clot inside the hemorrhoid causing severe pain)
• Strangulation (blood supply to the hemorrhoid is cut off)
• Anemia (if chronic bleeding leads to low red blood cells)
• Skin tags (extra skin left after a hemorrhoid resolves)

Long-term outlook

The outlook for long-lasting hemorrhoids is generally very good. With proper self-care, medical treatment if needed, and healthy habits, most people find significant relief. Complications are rare and can often be treated. Remember, you are not alone, and your doctor is there to help.

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