Conjunctivitis

Gambaran keseluruhan

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the thin, clear layer of tissue that lines the inside of your eyelid and covers the white part of your eye. This layer is called the conjunctiva. It is often called 'pink eye'.

Yes, conjunctivitis is very common. Many people will have it at least once in their lives.

It can affect anyone, but it is more common in children and people who wear contact lenses.

Gejala

Gejala biasa

• Redness in one or both eyes
• Itchy or burning sensation
• Watery or thick discharge (pus)
• Crusting on eyelashes, especially in the morning
• Feeling like there is something in your eye

Gejala pada kanak-kanak

• Symptoms are similar to adults, but children often have more discharge and sticky eyes in the morning.
• They may also have a fever or cold symptoms.

Gejala pada orang dewasa yang lebih tua

• Redness may be less obvious, but they may experience more tearing or discomfort.
• Older adults are more likely to have dry eye alongside conjunctivitis.

Punca

Punca utama

• Viral infection (most common, often associated with colds)
• Bacterial infection (less common, often produces more pus)
• Allergic reactions (to pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or contact lens solution)
• Irritants (smoke, chlorine, makeup, or fumes)

Faktor risiko

• Close contact with someone who has conjunctivitis
• Poor hand hygiene, especially after touching your eyes
• Wearing contact lenses, especially if not cleaned properly or worn overnight
• Exposure to allergens like pollen or dust

Bila perlu berjumpa doktor

Jumpa doktor dengan segera jika:

• If you have severe eye pain, vision changes, or extreme light sensitivity
• If you wear contact lenses and have a red or painful eye

Buat temujanji rutin jika:

• If symptoms last longer than a week
• If you have a lot of thick, yellow-green discharge
• If you have a weakened immune system (e.g., from chemotherapy or HIV)

Diagnosis

A doctor will examine your eyes and ask about your symptoms. They will look for redness, discharge, and swelling of the conjunctiva.

Ujian yang mungkin dilakukan

• Visual acuity test (reading letters on a chart)
• Slit-lamp examination (a microscope with a bright light to look at your eye closely)
• Swab of the discharge to test for bacteria or viruses (if needed)

Apa yang diharapkan semasa temujanji anda

The examination is painless and usually quick. The doctor may use anaesthetic eye drops to make the exam more comfortable.

Rawatan

Treatment depends on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis usually clears on its own. Bacterial conjunctivitis may be treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointment. Allergic conjunctivitis is treated by avoiding triggers and using antihistamine drops.

Penjagaan diri di rumah

• Apply a clean, warm compress to your eyes for a few minutes several times a day.
• Clean your eyelids with a damp cloth to remove discharge.
• Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes.
• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
• Throw away any eye makeup you used before the infection and replace it after healing.

Rawatan perubatan

For bacterial conjunctivitis, a doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment. For allergic conjunctivitis, antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines may be recommended. Viral conjunctivitis does not respond to antibiotics; it resolves on its own.

Bila pembedahan dipertimbangkan?

Surgery is rarely needed for conjunctivitis. It may be considered only if there is a complication, such as scarring of the conjunctiva or cornea.

Hidup dengan keadaan ini

To prevent spreading the infection, stay home from work, school, or childcare until your symptoms have improved – usually a few days. Avoid swimming and using contact lenses until fully healed.

Tip gaya hidup

• Use separate towels and washcloths from other family members.
• Change your pillowcase every day while you have symptoms.
• Clean your glasses thoroughly.
• If you wear contact lenses, switch to glasses until the infection is gone. Replace your contact lens case and solution.

Diet dan senaman

There is no specific diet for conjunctivitis. Eating a balanced diet supports your immune system. You can usually exercise as normal, but avoid close contact sports until symptoms improve.

Kesihatan mental dan kesejahteraan emosi

Conjunctivitis can be uncomfortable and may make you feel self-conscious about your appearance. It is temporary, and most people recover fully within a week or two. If you feel anxious, talk to a trusted friend or healthcare provider.

Pencegahan

Yes, you can reduce your risk by washing your hands often, not touching your eyes, and not sharing towels, pillowcases, or eye makeup. If you have allergies, avoid triggers and take antihistamine as prescribed.

Komplikasi

Jika tidak dirawat

• Rarely, untreated bacterial conjunctivitis can lead to an infection of the cornea (keratitis) or scarring.
• Viral conjunctivitis almost always resolves without complications.

Pandangan jangka panjang

The outlook is excellent. Most people recover fully without any lasting problems. With proper care, symptoms usually improve within a few days to two weeks.

Cari sokongan

Organisasi antarabangsa

• World Health Organization (WHO) ↗
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ↗

Organisasi tempatan

• NHS (UK) ↗ · United Kingdom

Talian bantuan

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