Liver Cirrhosis

Gambaran keseluruhan

Liver cirrhosis is a condition where the liver becomes scarred and damaged over time. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, making it harder for the liver to do its important jobs, like cleaning the blood, helping with digestion, and fighting infections.

Cirrhosis is fairly common worldwide. Millions of people have it, though many do not know it because early stages often have no symptoms.

Anyone can develop cirrhosis, but it is more common in people who drink a lot of alcohol, have chronic hepatitis B or C, or have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (often linked to obesity and diabetes).

Gejala

Gejala biasa

• Feeling very tired and weak
• Loss of appetite and weight loss
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain or discomfort in the upper right side of the belly
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or belly (from fluid build-up)
• Easy bruising or bleeding

Gejala pada kanak-kanak

• Slow growth or weight gain
• Jaundice that doesn’t go away
• Dark urine and pale stools
• Vomiting and tummy swelling

Gejala pada orang dewasa yang lebih tua

• Confusion or memory problems
• Unexplained weight loss and muscle loss
• Fatigue that is worse than usual
• Swelling in the legs or belly

Punca

Punca utama

• Long-term heavy alcohol use
• Chronic hepatitis B or C (viral infections that damage the liver)
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (often linked to being overweight or having diabetes)
• Certain inherited diseases, such as hemochromatosis (too much iron in the body)

Faktor risiko

• Drinking too much alcohol over many years
• Being overweight or obese
• Having diabetes or high blood sugar
• Sharing needles or having unprotected sex (increases risk of hepatitis)
• Family history of liver disease

Bila perlu berjumpa doktor

Jumpa doktor dengan segera jika:

• Vomiting blood or passing dark stools
• Sudden confusion or acting very drowsy
• Rapid swelling of your belly or legs
• Yellowing of your skin or eyes that gets worse

Buat temujanji rutin jika:

• Unexplained tiredness, weight loss, or loss of appetite
• Mild yellowing of skin or eyes
• Swelling in your ankles or legs
• Any other symptoms that concern you

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose cirrhosis using a combination of your medical history, a physical exam, blood tests, and imaging scans. Sometimes a liver biopsy (taking a tiny sample of liver tissue) is needed to confirm the amount of scarring.

Ujian yang mungkin dilakukan

• Blood tests to check liver function and look for signs of damage or viruses
• Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI of the liver
• FibroScan (a special ultrasound that measures liver stiffness)
• Liver biopsy (a small needle sample of liver tissue)

Apa yang diharapkan semasa temujanji anda

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, alcohol use, and medical history. Then they will do a physical exam, feeling your belly for swelling. Tests may take a few days or weeks. Your doctor will explain the results and what they mean for your health.

Rawatan

Treatment for cirrhosis focuses on slowing the liver damage, preventing complications, and managing symptoms. The specific plan depends on the cause and how advanced the cirrhosis is. There is no cure for the scarring, but treating the underlying cause can stop it from getting worse.

Penjagaan diri di rumah

• Avoid alcohol completely – it can speed up liver damage.
• Eat a low-salt diet to help control fluid build-up.
• Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B if you haven’t already.
• Don’t take any medicines or supplements without talking to your doctor, as some can harm the liver.

Rawatan perubatan

Doctors may prescribe medicines to manage complications like fluid build-up (using diuretics) or confusion from liver failure. If cirrhosis is caused by hepatitis, antiviral drugs can help control the infection. Bleeding from enlarged veins in the food pipe (varices) can be treated with endoscopic banding. A liver transplant may be considered for advanced disease.

Bila pembedahan dipertimbangkan?

Surgery is rare for cirrhosis itself. The main surgical option is a liver transplant, which may be recommended if the liver fails and other treatments are no longer effective.

Hidup dengan keadaan ini

Living with cirrhosis means making some changes to protect your liver. You will need to avoid alcohol, eat a balanced low-salt diet, and stay at a healthy weight. Regular check-ups with your doctor are important to monitor your liver and catch any problems early.

Tip gaya hidup

• Stop drinking alcohol completely.
• Don’t smoke, as it can speed up liver damage.
• Get plenty of rest and manage stress.
• Practice good hygiene to avoid infections.
• Take all medicines exactly as prescribed, and avoid over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen or naproxen without your doctor’s okay.

Diet dan senaman

Eat a healthy diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, but low in salt. Limit processed foods, fatty foods, and sugary drinks. Gentle exercise like walking or swimming can help you feel better and maintain strength. Talk to your doctor before starting any new exercise.

Kesihatan mental dan kesejahteraan emosi

Living with a chronic illness like cirrhosis can be stressful and may lead to anxiety or depression. It is normal to feel worried or frustrated. Talk to your doctor or a counselor if you are struggling. Support groups can also help you connect with others who understand.

Pencegahan

In many cases, yes. You can reduce your risk by not drinking too much alcohol (or not drinking at all), getting vaccinated against hepatitis B, and avoiding risky behaviors like sharing needles. Maintaining a healthy weight and managing diabetes also help prevent fatty liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis.

Vaksin

The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for everyone, especially if you are at higher risk. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C, but you can reduce your risk by avoiding exposure to infected blood.

Program saringan

If you have risk factors such as heavy drinking, hepatitis, or a family history of liver disease, your doctor may recommend regular blood tests and scans to check your liver health, even if you have no symptoms.

Komplikasi

Jika tidak dirawat

• Liver failure (the liver stops working properly)
• Portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the vein that carries blood to the liver)
• Enlarged veins in the food pipe or stomach that can bleed (varices)
• Fluid build-up in the belly (ascites) or legs (edema)
• Confusion and drowsiness from toxin build-up (hepatic encephalopathy)
• Increased risk of liver cancer

Pandangan jangka panjang

Cirrhosis is a serious condition, but many people live well for many years with proper care. Early treatment of the cause and lifestyle changes can slow the disease. If the liver fails, a transplant can give a second chance at life. Work closely with your healthcare team to manage your health.

Cari sokongan

Organisasi antarabangsa

• British Liver Trust ↗
• American Liver Foundation ↗
• World Hepatitis Alliance ↗

Organisasi tempatan

• Canadian Liver Foundation ↗ · Canada
• Hepatitis Foundation of India ↗ · India

Talian bantuan

Pautan luar membuka laman web pihak ketiga. Ruqelo Health tidak bertanggungjawab ke atas kandungan luaran. Menyenaraikan organisasi tidak bermaksud pengesahan.